Liquid filter arrangement and methods

ABSTRACT

A filter cartridge includes a threaded sleeve having a seal holder recess and seal member. The filter cartridge is for removably threading onto a filter head that includes threads for connection to the filter cartridge by way of the threaded sleeve. The filter head includes a ramp that engages the seal member to form a seal. The force needed to make the seal is a torque of less than 10 N-m.

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.17/845,596 filed Jun. 21, 2022 which is a continuation U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 16/994,899 filed Aug. 17, 2020, which issued asU.S. Pat. No. 11,369,903, which is a continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 15/437,526 filed Feb. 21, 2017, which issued asU.S. Pat. No. 10,744,431, which claims priority under 35 USC § 119(e) toU.S. provisional application 62/302,553 filed Mar. 2, 2016 and U.S.provisional application 62/352,609 filed Jun. 21, 2016; each of theseapplications is incorporated by reference herein.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure relates to filter cartridges, filter assembliesincluding the cartridge connected to a filter head, and methods of use.The filter arrangement in this disclosure can be used for filtration offluids, such as liquids, especially fuel, hydraulics, and lube.

BACKGROUND

Filters are commonly used in connection with lubrication systems andfuel systems for internal combustion engines and hydraulic systems forheavy duty equipment. Filters are also used in many other types ofliquid systems. In these types of systems, the filter is changedperiodically. One type of typical filter system used is a spin-oncanister filter.

Spin-on canister filters are disposable units, which typically include asingle-use housing holding a permanently mounted, non-replaceable filterelement (cartridge filter). The canister holding the cartridge filter isusually spun onto a filter head by a threaded engagement. The liquid tobe cleaned passes from the filter head and into the housing forfiltering. The cleaned liquid exits the housing and reenters the filterhead. After some period of use, the spin-on canister filter is removedfrom the filter head and is discarded. A new spin-on canister filter isthen mounted onto the filter head.

Typically, there is some type of seal arrangement between the filter andthe filter head. In the past, the seal arrangement could put a drag wheninstalling and removing, which causes difficulty in maintenance.Further, in prior art designs, it takes several revolutions of thehousing onto the filter head before the threads bottom out. This cancause difficulty with cross-threading or not properly mounting thefilter onto the filter head. Improvements are desirable.

SUMMARY

A filter cartridge and filter assembly are provided to improve theproblems of the prior art.

In a first aspect, a filter cartridge is provided including a housing, afilter media construction, a sleeve, and a housing seal member.

The housing has a surrounding wall defining an interior volume. Thehousing has an open mouth in communication with the interior volume anda bottom opposite of the mouth. The surrounding wall has an interiorsurface in communication with the interior volume and an oppositeexterior surface.

The filter media construction is operably oriented in the interiorvolume of the housing. The sleeve is oriented against the exteriorsurface of the surrounding wall. The sleeve has an inner portion and anopposite exterior portion. The inner portion is oriented against theexterior surface of the surrounding wall. The sleeve includes oppositefirst and second ends, with the first end being adjacent to the openmouth of the housing. The sleeve includes a seal holder recess along theexterior portion. A radially extending base surface is part of therecess. A recess wall extends axially at least partially between thebase surface and the first end of the sleeve. The base surface has aradial base length extending from the recess wall. The sleeve includes aplurality of threads projecting radially outwardly from a threadedsection of the exterior portion of the sleeve between the second end andthe base surface. The threaded section has a radial length measured fromthe recess wall, wherein the radial length of the threaded section isgreater than the radial base length. The housing seal member is operablyheld in the seal holder recess.

Independent of the above, and in another aspect, a filter cartridge isprovided. The filter cartridge includes a housing, a filter mediaconstruction, a sleeve, and a housing seal member. The housing has asurrounding wall defining an interior volume. The housing has an openmouth in communication with the interior volume and a bottom opposite ofthe mouth. The surrounding wall has an interior surface in communicationwith the interior volume and an opposite exterior surface. The filtermedia construction is operably oriented in the interior volume of thehousing. The sleeve is against the exterior surface of the surroundingwall. The sleeve has an inner portion and an opposite exterior portion,with the inner portion being oriented against the exterior surface ofthe surrounding wall. The sleeve includes opposite first and secondends, the first end being adjacent the open mouth of the housing. Thesleeve includes a seal holder recess along the exterior portion. Therecess includes a radially extending base surface and a recess wallextending axially at least partially between the base surface and thefirst end of the sleeve. The seal holder recess has a joint at anintersection between the base surface and the recess wall. The sleeveincludes a threaded section in the exterior portion of the sleevebetween the second end and the base surface. The housing seal member isoperably held in the seal holder recess. The housing seal member has asealing compression region. The sealing compression region incross-section is defined by a compression region line. A lineperpendicular to the compression region line passes through the joint inthe seal holder recess and the seal member.

Independent of the above, a filter cartridge is provided comprising ahousing having a surrounding wall defining an interior volume; thehousing having an open mouth in communication with the interior volumeand a bottom opposite of the mouth; the surrounding wall having aninterior surface in communication with the interior volume and anopposite exterior surface. A filter media construction is operablyoriented in the interior volume of the housing; and a sleeve is againstthe exterior surface of the surrounding wall. The sleeve has an innerportion and an opposite exterior portion. The inner portion is orientedagainst the exterior surface of the surrounding wall. The sleeveincludes, opposite first and second ends, with the first end beingadjacent the open mouth of the housing; a seal holder recess along theexterior portion and a housing seal member being held in the seal holderrecess; a joint being defined at an intersection between a line tangentto a lowest point of the seal member, when the cartridge is orientedwith the mouth as uppermost, and a line tangent to a most radiallyinward portion of the seal member; a threaded section in the exteriorportion of the sleeve between the second end and the base surface. Thehousing seal member has a sealing compression region; the sealingcompression region in cross-section is defined by a compression regionline. A line perpendicular to the compression region line passes throughthe joint and the housing seal member.

Independent of the above, the seal holder recess may be defined by anoutwardly radially projecting rib adjacent to the first end of thesleeve forming a ceiling of the recess, wherein the seal holder recessincludes radially extending base surface and a recess wall extendingaxially between the base surface and the ceiling.

In aspects that include a rib, the rib can be even with the first end ofthe sleeve.

In aspects that include a rib, the rib can be spaced from the first endof the sleeve.

In aspects that include a rib, the rib can be part of the sleeve.

In aspects that include a rib, the rib can be part of the housing.

In aspects that include a rib, the rib can be part of both the sleeveand the housing.

In aspects that include a rib, the outwardly radially projecting rib canhave a length less than 80% of the radial base length.

In aspects that include a rib, the outwardly radially projecting rib canhave a length less than 60% of the radial base length.

In aspects that include a rib, the outwardly radially projecting rib canhave a length less than 55% of the radial base length.

The rib can extend radially away from the recess wall a distance lessthan the base surface extends away from the recess wall.

The base surface is located at least 4 mm and no greater than 15 mm froman axial rim defining the mouth of the housing.

The base surface can be located at least 7 mm and no greater than 11 mmfrom an axial rim defining the mouth of the housing.

The sleeve can include a bevel surface between the base surface and thethreaded section, the bevel surface being angled relative to thethreaded section at an angle between 10-50 degrees.

The sleeve can include a bevel surface between the base surface and thethreaded section, with the bevel surface being angled relative to thethreaded section at an angle between 12-30 degrees.

The sleeve can include a bevel surface between the base surface and thethreaded section, the bevel section being angled relative to thethreaded section at an angle between 13-17 degrees.

The bevel surface can have an axial length between the base surface andthe threaded section of 0.7-2 mm.

The bevel surface can have an axial length between the base surface andthe threaded section of 0.8-1.5 mm.

The sleeve can include a radially extending stop member between thethreaded section and the second end.

The stop member is located at least 17 mm and no greater than 30 mm froman axial rim defining the mouth of the housing.

The stop member is located at least 18 mm and no greater than 28 mm froman axial rim defining the mouth of the housing.

The stop member projects radially outwardly a distance greater than anyother portion of the sleeve.

The filter media construction comprises a cylinder of pleated filtermedia secured between first and second end caps.

A ring may project axially from the first end cap in a direction awayfrom a remaining part of the filter media construction, and the firstend cap seal member can be held by the ring.

The first end cap seal member may project radially outwardly from thering.

The filter media construction may be fixed and non-removably mounted inthe interior volume of the housing.

The housing bottom can include a drain valve.

The housing seal member may project radially outwardly farther than therib.

The wall of the housing may overlap the first end of the sleeve.

The wall of the housing may overlap the projecting rib and be inextension along the exterior portion of the sleeve along the recesswall.

In another aspect, a filter assembly is provided including a filtercartridge as variously characterized above and further including afilter head removably attached to the filter cartridge.

The filter head can include an outer wall surrounding acartridge-receiving interior. The outer wall has an end rim, a threadedregion oriented toward the cartridge-receiving interior adjacent to theend rim, and a ramp. The ramp may be angled in a direction toward thecartridge receiving interior and positioned to engage the housing sealmember to form a seal with the filter cartridge when the filter head andfilter cartridge are operably attached to each other.

The threaded region can be between the ramp and the end rim.

The ramp can be angled between 5 and 45 degrees from the outer wall ofthe filter head.

The ramp can be angled between 10 and 30 degrees from the outer wall ofthe filter head.

The ramp can be angled between 12 and 18 degrees from the outer wall ofthe filter head.

The filter head may include an inlet arrangement for conveyingunfiltered fluid to the filter cartridge in an outlet arrangement forconveying filtered fluid from the filter cartridge.

Independent of the above, in another aspect, a filter assembly isprovided. The filter assembly includes a filter head having an inletarrangement, an outlet arrangement, and an outer wall surrounding acartridge-receiving interior. The outer wall has an end rim, a threadedregion oriented toward the cartridge-receiving interior adjacent to theend rim, and a ramp. A filter cartridge is removably attached to thefilter head. The filter cartridge includes a housing, a filter mediaconstruction operably oriented in an interior volume of the housing, anda sleeve surrounding and against the housing. The sleeve has a threadedsection mateably engaging the threaded region of the filter head. Thesleeve defines a seal holder recess. A seal member is within the sealholder recess and projects radially outwardly. The ramp on the filterhead is compressed against the seal member to form a seal between thefilter head and the filter cartridge.

The ramp can be angled between 5 and 45 degrees from the outer wall ofthe filter head.

The ramp can be angled between 10 and 30 degrees from the outer wall ofthe filter head.

The ramp can be angled between 12 and 18 degrees from the outer wall ofthe filter head.

The sleeve has an inner portion and an opposite exterior portion. Theinner portion can be oriented against the exterior surface of thehousing. The sleeve includes opposite first and second ends, with thefirst end being adjacent an open mouth of the housing. The seal holderrecess is along the exterior portion, the recess including a radiallyextending base surface and a recess wall extending axially at leastpartially between the base surface and the first end of the sleeve. Theseal holder recess has a joint being defined at an intersection betweena line tangent to a lowest point of the seal member, when the cartridgeis oriented with the mouth as uppermost, and a line tangent to a mostradially inward portion of the seal member The threaded section of thesleeve is in the exterior portion of the sleeve between the second endand the base surface. The ramp compresses against the housing sealmember in cross-section along a compression region line. A lineperpendicular to the compression region line passes through the joint inthe seal holder recess and the seal member.

The sleeve may include a bevel surface between the base surface and thethreaded section. The bevel section can be angled relative to thethreaded section at an angle between 10-50 degrees.

The sleeve can include a bevel surface between the base surface and thethreaded section, with the bevel surface being angled relative to thethreaded section at an angle between 12-30 degrees.

The sleeve can include a bevel surface between the base surface and thethreaded section, with the bevel surface being angled relative to thethreaded section at an angle between 13-17 degrees.

The bevel surface has an axial length between the base surface and thethreaded section of 0.7-2 mm.

The bevel section can have an axial length between the base surface andthe threaded section of 0.8-1.5 mm.

The sleeve can include a radially extending stop member between thethreaded section and the second end.

The stop member can be located at least 17 mm and no greater than 30 mmfrom an axial rim defining a mouth of the housing.

The stop member can be located at least 18 mm and no greater than 28 mmfrom an axial rim defining a mouth of the housing.

The stop member may project radially outwardly a distance greater thanany other portion of the sleeve.

The filter media construction may comprise a cylinder of pleated filtermedia secured between first and second end caps.

A ring can project from the first end cap in a direction away from aremaining part of the filter media construction, and a first end capseal member can be held by the ring.

The first end cap seal member may project radially outwardly from thering.

The filter media construction is fixed and non-removably mounted in theinterior volume of the housing.

The filter cartridge may further include a drain valve.

Independent of the above, and another aspect, a method of installing afilter cartridge on a filter head is provided. The method includes stepsof providing a filter head, providing a filter cartridge, and threadablymating the filter head and filter cartridge. The step of providing afilter head includes a providing a head having an inlet arrangement, andoutlet arrangement, and an outer wall surrounding a cartridge-receivinginterior. The outer wall has an end rim and a threaded region orientedtoward the cartridge-receiving interior adjacent to the end rim. Thestep of providing a filter cartridge includes providing a housing, afilter media construction operably oriented in an interior volume of thehousing, and a sleeve surrounding and against the housing. The sleevehas a threaded section, defines a seal holder recess, and a seal memberthat is within the seal holder recess and projecting radially outwardly.The step of threadably mating includes mating the threaded section ofthe sleeve with the threaded region of the filter head to compress theseal member and form a seal between the filter head and the filtercartridge, the seal being formed using a torque less than 50% needed toform an operable seal using a comparable filter head that has a straightsection instead of a ramp.

The step of threadably mating may include forming the seal using atorque less than 55% needed to form an operable seal using a comparablefilter head that has a straight section instead of a ramp.

The step of threadably mating may include forming the seal using atorque of no greater than 15 N-m.

The step of providing a filter head may include providing the filterhead outer wall to have a ramp, wherein the threaded region is betweenthe ramp and the end rim. The step of threadably mating may includecompressing the ramp against the seal member to form the seal betweenand against the ramp and the sleeve.

The step of providing a filter head may include providing the filterhead outer wall to have the ramp be angled between 12 and 18 degreesfrom the outer wall of the filter head.

After the step of threadably mating, there can be a step ofdisconnecting the filter cartridge and filter head by using a torque ofless than 50% needed to disconnect using a comparable filter head thathas a straight section instead of a ramp.

After the step of threadably mating, there can be a step ofdisconnecting the filter cartridge and filter head by using a torque ofless than 65% needed to disconnect using a comparable filter head thathas a straight section instead of a ramp.

After the step of threadably mating, there can be a step ofdisconnecting the filter cartridge and filter head by using a torque ofless than 15 N-m.

The step of providing a filter cartridge can include providing a filtercartridge as variously characterized in any of the abovecharacterizations.

The step of providing a filter head can include providing a filter headaccording to the various characterizations above.

It is noted that not all of the specific features described herein needto be incorporated in an arrangement for the arrangement to have someselected advantage according to the present disclosure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an exploded, top perspective view of a filter assemblyconstructed in accordance with the principles of this disclosure;

FIG. 2 is an exploded, bottom perspective view of the filter assembly ofFIG. 1 ;

FIG. 3 is a top view of the assembled filter assembly of FIGS. 1 and 2 ;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the filter assembly of FIG. 3 , thecross-section being taken along the line 4-4 of FIG. 3 ;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the filter cartridge used in thefilter assembly of FIGS. 3 and 4 ;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the sleeve used with the filtercartridge of FIG. 5 ;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged, cross-sectional view of Section A of FIG. 6 ;

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the filter head shown as part of thefilter assembly of FIG. 4 ;

FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of Section B-B of FIG. 8 ;

FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of Section C-C of FIG. 4 ;

FIG. 11 is an enlarged cross-sectional view, similar to FIG. 10 , butwithout the filter head shown and depicting another embodiment;

FIG. 12 is an enlarged cross-sectional view, similar to FIG. 10 , butwithout the filter head shown and depicting another embodiment;

FIG. 13 is an enlarged cross-sectional view, similar to FIG. 10 , butwithout the filter head shown and depicting another embodiment;

FIG. 14 is an enlarged cross-sectional view, similar to FIG. 10 , butwithout the filter head shown and depicting another embodiment;

FIG. 15 is an enlarged cross-sectional view, similar to FIG. 10 , butwithout the filter head shown and depicting another embodiment;

FIG. 16 is an enlarged cross-sectional view, similar to FIG. 10 , butwithout the filter head shown and depicting another embodiment;

FIG. 17 is an enlarged cross-sectional view, similar to FIG. 10 , butwithout the filter head shown and depicting another embodiment;

FIG. 18 is an enlarged cross-sectional view, similar to FIG. 10 , butwithout the filter head shown and depicting another embodiment; and

FIG. 19 is an enlarged cross-sectional view, similar to FIG. 10 , butwithout the filter head shown and depicting another embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A filter cartridge and a filter assembly that improve the problems ofthe prior art is shown in FIGS. 1-4 .

The filter assembly constructed in accordance with the principles ofthis disclosure is illustrated in exploded perspective view in FIGS. 1and 2 at 20. The filter assembly 20 includes a filter head 22. Thefilter head 22 will be mounted or connected to a system, such asequipment with a lubrication system or fuel system for internalcombustion engines, or a hydraulic system for heavy duty equipment. Thefilter head 22 will be in liquid communication with components of thisequipment such that the liquid to be filtered will flow into the filterhead 22 for filtering by the filter assembly 20 and then exit the filterhead 22 in a filtered state for use by the equipment.

The filter assembly 20 further includes a filter cartridge 24. Thefilter cartridge 24, in this embodiment, is a spin-on canister filter26. The spin-on canister filter 26 has a single use can or housing 28holding a permanently mounted, non-replaceable filter element 30. Thehousing 28 holding the filter element 30 is spun onto the filter head 22by a threaded engagement. As can be seen in FIG. 22 , the filter head 22has threads 32, and the housing 28 has threads 34. The liquid to becleaned passes from the filter head 22 and into the housing 28 forfiltering. The liquid flows through the filter element 30 for filtering,reenters the filter head 22, and then exits the filter head 22 to beused by downstream equipment. After some period of use, the filtercartridge 24 is removed from the filter head 22 and is discarded. A newfilter cartridge 24 may then be provided and mounted onto the filterhead 22 for filtering. In alternate embodiments, the filter assembly 20could be a bowl-cartridge filter, in which the housing forms a re-usablebowl that connects to the filter head, and a replaceable filtercartridge is held within the bowl.

Attention is directed to FIG. 5 . FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view offilter cartridge 24. As mentioned previously, the filter cartridge 24includes the housing 28 holding the non-removable filter element 30.

The filter housing 28 includes a surrounding wall 36. The housing wall36 will typically be a thin-walled construction of metal. Thesurrounding wall 36 of the housing 28 defines an interior volume 38. Thehousing 28 has an open mouth 40. The open mouth 40 is in communicationwith the interior volume 38.

The housing 28 includes a housing bottom 42. The bottom 42 is at an endof the housing 28 opposite of the mouth 40. The surrounding wall 36 hasan interior surface 44. The interior surface 44 is in communication withthe interior volume 38. On an opposite side of the wall 36 from theinterior surface 44 is an exterior surface 46. A central, longitudinalaxis 55 passes through the cartridge 24 as it extends through the openmouth 40 and housing bottom 42.

The filter element 30 is permanently and non-removably mounted in theinterior volume 38 of the housing 28. The filter element 30 includes afilter media construction 48. The filter media construction 48 isoperably orientated in the interior volume 38 of the housing 28. Thefilter media construction 48 may be embodied in many different forms. Inmany embodiments, the filter media construction 48 includes pleatedmedia 50. The pleated media 50 may be cellulose, glass, synthetic, or ablend of any of these. The filter media construction 48 may include finefiber.

In many embodiments, the filter media construction 48 is generallytubular, which can include oval or cylindrical in shape. In thisembodiment, it is cylindrical in shape such that the pleated media 50defines an open filter interior 52. The filter media construction 48,including if it is pleated media 50, may be supported by an innersupport, such as a perforated inner liner 54. The inner liner 54supports the pleats and prevents the pleats in the pleated media 50 fromcollapsing.

The filter media construction 48 has opposite ends 56, which is adjacentthe open mouth 40, and 58, which is adjacent the bottom 42. Secured tothe media construction 48 at the end 56 is a first end cap 60. The firstend cap 60 is an open end cap because it has an opening 62 in its centerthat is in communication with the open filter interior 52. The first endcap 60 can be made from various types of material, including non-metal,such as nylon or hard plastic. The first end cap 60 is secured to thefilter media construction 48 by either molding the first end cap 60directly to the filter media construction 48 or by other methods such asadhesive or potting material.

A second end cap 64 is secured to the end 58 of the filter mediaconstruction 48. The second end cap 64 will typically be made of thesame materials as the first end cap 60, which can be nylon or hardplastic. The second end cap 64 may be closed to the open filter interior52, but in some embodiments, it can be selectively opened by use of adrain valve, not shown in FIG. 5 . A mounting arrangement 66 for thedrain valve can been seen in FIG. 5 as part of the second end cap 64.The housing 28 can be opened at access opening 68, which may then allowthe drain valve to drain fluid from the filter cartridge 24.

Referring again to the first end cap 60, there is a ring 70 thatprojects axially from the first end cap 60 in a direction away from thesecond cap 64 and away from a remaining part of the filter mediaconstruction 48. The ring 70, in this embodiment, is adjacent to theopening 62 of the first end cap 60. The ring 70 defines a groove 72. Thegroove 72 opens in a radially outward direction, toward the interiorsurface 44 of the surrounding wall 36. Located within the groove 72 isfirst end cap seal member 74. The first end cap seal 74 may be embodiedas an O-ring. The first end cap seal member 74 is oriented in adirection radially outwardly from the ring 70 and toward the interiorsurface 44 of the surrounding wall 36. It forms a seal 165 with thefilter head 22, as described further below in connection with FIGS. 8and 4 .

While many embodiments are possible, in this embodiment, the first endcap 60 includes an optional centering arrangement 76. The centerarrangement 76 includes a pair of axial projections 78, 79 that projectaxially from the first end cap 60 in a direction away from the secondend cap 64 and a remaining portion of the filter media construction 48.The center arrangement 76 helps to guide and mount the filter cartridge24 to the filter head 22. The axial projections 78, 79 are spaced fromthe projecting ring 70 and are located adjacent to outer radial edge 80of the first end cap 60.

The first end cap 60 further includes a plurality of outer radialprojections 82 (FIGS. 1 and 5 ). The outer radial projections 82 help tocenter the filter media construction 48 within the housing 28 bypressing radially against the interior surface 44 of the housing wall46.

The filter cartridge 24 further includes a sleeve 84. The sleeve 84 willbe secured to the housing 28 along the exterior surface 46 of thehousing 28. In many embodiments, the sleeve 84 is mounted against theexterior surface 46 of the surrounding wall 36.

An enlarged view of the sleeve 84 is illustrated in detail in FIG. 6 .The sleeve 84 has an inner portion 86 and an opposite exterior portion88. The inner portion 86, in the embodiment shown, is orientated againstthe exterior surface 46 of the surrounding wall 36.

The sleeve 84 can be made from many different types of materials,including metal or non-metal. In preferred embodiments, the sleeve ismade from non-metal, such as plastic, for example, nylon.

In reference to FIG. 6 , the sleeve 84 has opposite first and secondends 91, 92. The first end 91 is adjacent the open mouth 40 (FIG. 5 ) ofthe housing 28. The second end 92 is located spaced from the open mouth40 and typically in the upper one-third of the housing 28, when the openmouth 40 is orientated to be at the top.

The sleeve 84 includes a seal holder recess 94. The seal holder recess94 is along the exterior portion 88.

FIG. 7 shows an enlarged view of one cross-sectional view portion of thesleeve 84, the section shown at Section A in FIG. 6 . The sleeve 84 hasan outwardly radially projecting rib 96. The rib 96 is adjacent thefirst end 91 and forms a ceiling 98 of the recess 94. By “adjacent thefirst end 91” it is meant that the rib 96 can be either be even with thefirst end 91 or spaced from (either toward or away) a remaining portionof the sleeve 84 by a few mm, e.g., 5 mm or fewer. In FIG. 7 , the rib96 is even with the first end 91. See FIG. 14 for one example embodiment(of many possibilities) in which the rib 96 is adjacent the first end 91by being spaced from the first end 91. A radially extending base surface100 is opposite of the ceiling 98 forming a floor of the recess 94. Arecess wall 102 extends axially between the ceiling 98 and the basesurface 100. The base surface 100 has a radial base length 104 extendingfrom the recess wall 102. Advantages including sealing at a lower torqueare achieved when the rib 96 extends a radial distance from recess wall102 less than the base surface 100 extends away from the recess wall102.

The housing threads 34 project radially outwardly from threaded section106 of the exterior portion 88 of the sleeve 84 between the second end92 and the base surface 100. The threaded section 106 has a radiallength 108 measured from the recess wall 102 to the exterior portion 88from where the individual threads 34 start to project from the exteriorportion 88. The radial length 108 of the threaded section 106 is greaterthan the radial base length 104. This arrangement helps to contribute toa filter cartridge 24 that is easier to mount to the filter head 22 thanprior art arrangements, requiring much less torque.

In reference to FIGS. 4 and 10 , a housing seal member 110 is operablyheld in the seal holder recess 94. The housing seal member 110 forms aradially outwardly directed seal 172 with the filter head 22, when thefilter cartridge 24 is operably connected to the filter head 22. As willbe explained below, the housing wall 36 can optionally include a section37 (FIG. 10 ) that extends into and line at least a portion of therecess 94, such that the seal 172 is formed between and against thefilter head 22, the sleeve 84, and the section 37 of the housing wall 36extending into the recess 94.

Again in reference to FIG. 7 , the seal holder recess 94 includes ajoint 112 at an intersection between the base surface 100 and the recess102. The joint 112 need not be a 90 degree corner, but can be on aradius. For example, the joint 112 can be on a radius 0.25 inches. Manyembodiments are possible. The radius can be larger or smaller, and theangle between the base surface 100 and recess 102 can be larger orsmaller.

As mentioned previously, there is a housing seal member 110 that isoperably held in the seal holder recess 94. Attention is directed toFIG. 10 which shows the housing seal member 110 held within the recess94 and forming seal 172 with the filter head 22. As can be appreciatedfrom the drawings shown in FIG. 10 , the housing seal member 110 hassealing compression region 114, which is a portion of the housingsealing member 110 that receives the compressive force to form the seal172 with the filter head 22. In this embodiment, the sealing compressionregion 114, when viewed in cross-section, such as shown in FIG. 10 , isdefined by a compression region line 116. The compression region line116 is viewable in FIG. 10 and in FIG. 5 . A line 118 (FIG. 10 )perpendicular to the compression region line 116 passes through thejoint 112 in the seal holder recess 94 and the sealing member 110. Inthis embodiment, “passing through the sealing member 110” meansextending through more than one point of the sealing member 110; thatis, if the line 118 is only tangent (a line that touches a curvedsurface but does not intersect it) to the sealing member 110, it wouldnot pass through the sealing member 110 according to this definition. Ingeneral, in this example, the line 118 will not be perpendicular to thecentral axis 55 (FIG. 5 ), and the line 116 will not be parallel to thecentral axis 55.

The arrangement is formed to achieve advantages, including a torque thatis less than needed in the prior art to reliably secure the filtercartridge 24 to the filter head 22. Some preferred arrangements aredescribed herein that lead to this result. For example, in FIG. 7 , theoutwardly radially projecting rib 96 has a radially projecting lengththat is less than 80% of the length of the radial base line 104. Themany embodiments, the length of the rib 96 is less than 60% of theradial base length 104. In even more preferred embodiments, the rib 96has a length of less than 55 percent of the radial base length 104.

Further arrangements that lead to advantage include the base surface 100being located at 4 mm and no greater than 15 mm from an axial rim 120(FIG. 5 ) defining the mouth 40 of the housing 28. In more preferredembodiments, the base surface 100 is located at least 7 mm and nogreater than 11 mm, preferably about 9 mm, from the axial rim 120 of themouth 40 of the housing 28.

Other arrangements that lead to advantage include the sleeve 84 having abeveled surface 122 (FIG. 7 ). The beveled surface 122 is between thebase surface 100 and the threaded section 106. Advantages result byhaving the beveled surface 122 being angled relative to the threadedsection 106 at an angle 124 between 13-17 degrees.

The beveled surface 122 can have an axial length 126 between the basesurface 100 and the threaded section 106 of 0.7-2 mm. In more preferredembodiments, the beveled surface 122 can have the axial length 126between the base surface 100 and the threaded section 106 of 0.8-1.5 mm.

In FIG. 7 , it can be seen how in the particular embodiment illustrated,the sleeve 84 includes a radially extending stop member 128. The stop128 is between the threaded section 106 and the second end 92 of thesleeve 84. The stop member 128 can be located at least 17 mm and nogreater than 30 mm from the axial rim 120 (FIG. 5 ) defining the mouth40 of the housing 28. In embodiments that lead to more preferredadvantages, the stop member 128 is located at least 18 mm and no greaterthan 28 mm, preferably about 26 mm, from the axial rim 120 defining themouth 40 of the housing 28. In still further arrangements leading toadvantages, the stop member 128 projects radially outwardly a distancethat is greater than any other portion of the sleeve 84. This can beseen in the particular arrangement shown in FIG. 7 .

In reference again to FIG. 5 , the housing seal member 110 projectsradially outwardly further than the rib 96. This can lead to advantageof forming a seal with a filter head with less torque than prior artarrangements.

In reference now to FIGS. 5 and 10 , in many preferred arrangements, thewall 36 of the housing 28 overlaps the first end 91 of the sleeve 84 atsection 37, as previously mentioned. For example, the wall 36 of thehousing 28 can overlap the projecting rib 96 and be an extension atsection 37 along the exterior portion 88 of the sleeve 84 along therecess wall 102 (FIG. 7 ). In the example illustrated in FIG. 10 , thewall 36 of the housing 28 extends over the first end 91 of the sleeve84, around the rib 96, along the ceiling 98 (FIG. 7 ), and along atleast a portion of the recess wall 102 (FIG. 7 ). In FIG. 10 , thesection 37 of the wall 36 stops short of extending all the way along therecess wall 102 to the base surface 100 (FIG. 7 ), but in otherembodiments, it could extend the full extension of the recess wall 102to the base surface 100 and further extend along the base surface 100.

FIG. 7 illustrates one example useful embodiment with dimensions thatprovide a workable design leading to advantage. Advantages include thosethat improve the prior art such as having the ability to mount thefilter cartridge 24 on the filter head 22 using torque smaller than theprior art, as well as, providing the seal with only a few revolutionsand thereby avoiding the difficulty caused with possiblecross-threading. In FIG. 7 , the rib 96 is shown projecting from therecess wall 102 at a dimension 130. The dimension 130 can be at least 2mm, not more than 5 mm, and preferably about 4 mm. The angle 132 thatthe rib 96 declines as it extends from the inner portion 86 in adirection toward the exterior portion 88 is at least 3 degrees, nogreater than 7 degrees, and preferably about 5 degrees. The rib 96 hasan axial length 134 from the first end 91 to the recess wall 102 of atleast 2 mm, not more than 6 mm, and preferably 3-5 mm. The length 136from the second end 92 to the base surface 100 is at least 20 mm, nogreater than 35 mm, and preferably 25-30 mm. The length 138 from thesecond end 92 to the upper end of the threaded section 106 and the startof the bevel surface 122 is at least 20 mm, no greater than 30 mm, andpreferably 27-29 mm, such as about 28 mm. The distance 140 between thefirst end 91 and an upper surface 142 of the stop member 128 is at least10 mm, no greater than 30 mm, preferably 18-28 mm. The upper surface 142of the stop member 128 is the portion of the stop member 128 that isoriented toward the first end 91.

FIG. 6 illustrates a cross-section of the sleeve 84 by itself andunattached to a remaining portion of the filter cartridge 24. FIG. 6shows useful dimensions for embodiments that result in advantages overthe prior art. Some of these dimensions are summarized in the tablebelow.

Dimension At least (mm) No greater than (mm) Preferably (mm) 145 80 12090-95, about 93 146 75 115 87-92, about 89 147 65 105 78-83, about 81148 25 40 33-36, about 34 149 64 104 77-82, about 81 150 85 125 98-103,about 101 151 1.5 3.0 2.0-2.5, about 2.2  152 6 15  9-12, about 11

Attention is now directed to the filter head 22 as can be seen in FIGS.3, 4, 8, and 9 . The filter head 22 has an outer wall 156. The outerwall 156 surrounds a cartridge receiving interior 158 (FIG. 8 ). Theouter wall 156 has an end rim 160. The end rim 160 will engage againstthe stop member 128 when the filter cartridge 24 is operably mounted tothe filter head 22. The filter head 22 further includes a threadedregion 162 (FIG. 8 ), which includes threads 32. The threaded region 162is along an inside surface 168 of the wall 156 and is oriented towardand is in communication with the cartridge-receiving interior 158. Thethreaded region 162, in this embodiment, is immediately adjacent to theend rim 160.

The filter head 22 further includes an inner wall 164. The inner wall164 is in the interior volume 158 and is spaced from the outer wall 156.The inner wall 164 is generally spaced axially above (in the view ofFIG. 8 with the rim 160 at the most downward position) the threadedregion 162. The inner wall 162 extends or projects into the interior 158from an end 170 of the filter head 22. The inner wall 162 is oriented toform a seal 165 (FIG. 4 ) with the first end cap seal member 74, whenthe filter cartridge 24 is operably connected to the filter head 22. Inthe example embodiment shown, the seal 165 is formed between an innerradial surface 167 (FIG. 8 ) of the inner wall 162 and the radiallyoutwardly directed first end cap seal member 74.

The filter head 22 further includes a ramp 166. The ramp 166 is alongthe inside surface 168 of the outer wall 156 and in communication withthe cartridge receiving interior 158. The ramp 166, in the exampleshown, is located adjacent the threaded region 162 and spaced axiallybetween the threaded region 162 and the end 170 of the filter head 22.The end 170, in the orientation shown in FIGS. 4 and 8 , is an uppersurface and is opposite of the end rim 160.

The ramp 166 is angled in a direction toward the cartridge receivinginterior 158 and is positioned to engage the housing seal member 110 toform seal 172 (FIGS. 4 and 10 ) with the filter cartridge 24 when thefilter head 22 and the filter cartridge 24 are operably attached to eachother.

The threaded region 162 is located between the ramp 166 and the end rim160. This is arranged such that the ramp 166 will press against thehousing seal member 110 while the threaded region 162 engages (mateswith) the threaded section 106 (FIG. 7 ) of the filter cartridge 24.

Attention is directed to FIG. 9 , which illustrates Section B-B of FIG.8 . Example dimensions are shown, which can lead to embodiments withadvantages over the prior art. An angle of the ramp 166 is shown at Ref174. This is an operable section of the ramp 166. By “operable sectionof the ramp” it is meant the portion of the ramp 166 that pressesagainst the housing seal member 110 to form seal 172 between the filtercartridge 24 and the filter head 22. The angle 174 of the ramp 166 ismeasured from the outer wall 156 of the filter head 122. The ramp 166inclines as it extends from the threaded region 162 in a direction awayfrom the end rim and 160 and toward the end 170. The angle 174 isbetween 5 and 45 degrees from the outer wall 156 of the filter head. Insome embodiments, the ramp 166 is angled between 10 and 30 degrees fromthe outer wall 156 of the filter head 22. More preferably, the ramp 166is angled between 12 and 18 degrees, such as about 15 degrees from theother wall 156 of the filter head 22.

Other useful dimensions for the filter head, to result in advantagesover the prior art, are shown in the table below:

Dimension At least (mm) No greater than (mm) Preferably (mm) 178 15 3020-25, about 22 180 7 20 10-15, about 13 182 10 degrees 70 degrees25-35, about 30 degrees 184 5 17  9-13, about 11 186 6 18 10-14, about12 188 10 25 15-20, about 18 190 14 29 19-24, about 21

In FIG. 4 , the filter head 22 includes an inlet arrangement 192 with aninlet port 194 providing access into the cartridge receiving interior158. The filter head 22 further includes an outlet arrangement 196having an outlet port 198.

The inlet arrangement 192 conveys liquid filter to the filter head 22and allows it to enter the filter head 22 to the inlet port 194. Theliquid then flows into the filter cartridge 24, through the filter mediaconstruction 48, then through the opening 62 of the first end cap 60.From there, the filtered liquid flows back into the filter head 22 andthen through the outlet port 198 to exit the filter head 22 where it canbe used by downstream equipment.

Experimental

Testing was done to test the torque needed to operably install (formseals 172 and 165) and to dismount a filter cartridge onto a filterhead. A filter head and filter cartridge in accordance with principlesof this disclosure, as shown in FIG. 4 (cartridge having part number0057A3464 TR, and head having part number 0057A3462) was compared to aprior art filter cartridge, having part number P573836, and filter headhaving part number P573832. The prior art filter cartridge and filterhead is of the type as shown in WO 2009/149186 (FIGS. 19, 19A, and 16A),which is incorporated herein by reference. Note that this prior artfilter head does not have a ramp 166, but instead, the filter head has awall at the comparable section that is a straight, vertical sectionparallel to the central axis 55 of the filter cartridge. The resultswere as follows:

Cartridge Part Head Part Trial On Off Av. On No. No. No. (N-M) (N-M)(N-M) % Red. P573836 P573832 1 15.7 18.5 16.5 N/A P573836 P573832 2 17.917.8 P573836 P573832 3 15.7 17.6 0057A3464TR 0057A3462 1 6.2 4.6 7.1 570057A3464TR 0057A3462 2 8.1 6.0 0057A3464TR 0057A3462 3 7.1 5.3

From these results, it can be seen how the seal 172 (FIG. 4 ) betweenthe housing seal member 110 and the filter head 22 is formed using atorque of no greater than 10 N-m. Indeed, the seal 172 can be formedusing a torque less than 55% needed to form an operable seal using acomparable filter head that has a straight section instead of a ramp. Inmany embodiments, the seal 172 is formed using a torque of no greaterthan 8.2 N-m. In many instances, the torque will require a force of atleast 6 N-m to form the seal 172. Compared to the prior art, thisrepresents a percent in reduction of torque needed of over 50%, indeed,over 55%, for example 57%.

From the above, it can be appreciated that disconnecting the filtercartridge 24 and the filter head 22 will require a torque of less than10 N-m. Indeed, the torque will often be less than 7 N-m. In preferredarrangements, disconnecting the filter cartridge 24 and the filter head22 will use a torque of less than 6.5 N-m. In many instances, the torquerequired to disconnect the filter cartridge 24 and filter head 22 willbe greater than 5 N-m. When compared to the prior art P573836, thetorque needed to disconnect is reduced by over 50%; indeed, by over 65%;and in some examples, by 75% or greater.

FIGS. 11-19

FIGS. 11-19 illustrate alternate useful embodiments that can be usedwith the filter cartridge 24 and filter head 22 that provide a workabledesign leading to advantage. Advantages for each of these embodimentsinclude those that improve the prior art such as having the ability tomount the filter cartridge 24 on the filter head 22 using torque smallerthan the prior art, as well as, providing the seal with only a fewrevolutions and thereby avoiding the difficulty caused with possiblecross-threading.

In the FIG. 11 embodiment, the sleeve 84 is ribless. It differs fromFIGS. 7 and 10 in that there is no rib 96 (FIG. 7 ) projecting from therecess wall 102. The housing 28 is depicted as folded over the first end91 of the sleeve 84 and has a projection 204 extending radially awayfrom the recess wall 102. From a radially outwardly most point of theprojection 204 of the housing 28, the housing 28 has a slope 206 thatextends radially inwardly toward the recess wall 102 as it extends in adirection toward the base surface 110. The outwardly most point ofprojection 204 extends a distance X from the recess wall 102. The radiallength 108 (in FIG. 7 ) and shown as Y is the distance from the recesswall 102 to the threaded section 106. Advantages are achieved when thedistance X is less than or equal to 80% of the distance Y. Advantagesinclude the ability to mount the filter cartridge 24 on the filter head22 using torque smaller than the prior art, as well as, providing theseal with only a few revolutions and thereby avoiding the difficultycaused with possible cross-threading.

In the FIG. 12 embodiment, the recess wall 102 includes a pocket 220that extends beyond (below in the orientation of FIG. 12 ) the basesurface 100. In this embodiment, there is a horizontal line 224 that isthe tangent line along a portion of the seal member 110 that is orientedadjacent, or against, the base surface 100. In the orientation of FIG.12 , this is also the line 224 passing through (or tangent to) a lowestpoint of the seal member 110. There is a line 226 that is the tangentline along the most radially inwardly portion of the seal member 110. Inmany examples, the line 226 is about parallel to the recess wall 102. Anintersection between line 224 and line 226 forms joint 222. The housingseal member 110 has a sealing compression region 114 (see FIG. 10 ), andthe sealing compression region 114 in cross-section is defined bycompression region line 116 (FIG. 10 ). Advantages result when the line118 (FIG. 10 ), which is perpendicular to the compression region line116, passes through the joint 222 and the housing seal member 110.Advantages include the ability to mount the filter cartridge 24 on thefilter head 22 using torque smaller than the prior art, as well as,providing the seal with only a few revolutions and thereby avoiding thedifficulty caused with possible cross-threading.

In the FIG. 13 embodiment, the sleeve 84 has no recess wall 102. Theseal holder recess 94, has a non-rectangular cross-section, which can bemany shapes, including regular polygonal or irregular polygonal. In theexample depicted in FIG. 13 , the seal holder recess 94 is triangularshaped having a radially inward most portion 240. The housing 28 isdepicted as folded over the first end 91 of the sleeve 84 and has aprojection 242 extending radially away from the inner portion 86 of thesleeve 84. From projection 242 of the housing 28, the housing 28 has aslope 246 that extends radially inwardly toward the recess 94 inwardportion 240. The angle of the slope will be at least 2°, not greaterthan 60°, for example about 30-50°. There is also the minor threaddiameter shown at 244. Advantages result when the distance from inwardmost portion 240 to projection 242 is less than or equal to 80% of thedistance between inward most portion 240 and the minor thread diameter244. Advantages include the ability to mount the filter cartridge 24 onthe filter head 22 using torque smaller than the prior art, as well as,providing the seal with only a few revolutions and thereby avoiding thedifficulty caused with possible cross-threading.

In the FIG. 14 embodiment, the sleeve 84 has outwardly radiallyprojecting rib 96 and is adjacent the first end 91 to forms ceiling 98of the recess 94. By “adjacent the first end 91” it is meant that therib 96 can be either be even with the first end 91 or spaced from(either toward or away) a remaining portion of the sleeve 84 by a fewmm, e.g., 5 mm or fewer. In this embodiment, the rib 96 is adjacent thefirst end 91 by being spaced from the first end 91. Radially extendingbase surface 100 is opposite of the ceiling 98 forming a floor of therecess 94. The recess wall 102 extends axially between the ceiling 98and the base surface 100. The base surface 100 has radial base length104 extending from the recess wall 102. The housing 28 is folded overthe first end 91 of the sleeve 84 and overlaps and forms part of the rib96. The housing 28 also extends along and hugs the recess in the sleeveto form part of the ceiling 98 and recess wall 102. In this embodiment,the housing 28 extends to the base surface 100.

In the FIG. 15 embodiment, the sleeve 84 is ribless. It differs fromFIGS. 7 and 10 in that there is no rib 96 (FIG. 7 ) projecting from therecess wall 102. The recess wall 102 has a ramp 250 extending radiallyinwardly as the ramp 250 extends from the first end 91 of the sleeve tothe base surface 100. The ramp 250 is angled sufficiently to retain theseal member 110 in place and prevent it from rolling off the sleeve 84.Useful slope angles for the ramp 250 include at least 2°, not greaterthan 60°, for example about 3-10°. Housing 28 is depicted as folded overthe first end 91 of the sleeve 84 and overlapping the ramp 250 to formhousing ramp 252. The housing ramp 252, in this embodiment, is againstthe sleeve ramp 250 and can have about the same slope as the sleeve ramp250 to extend radially inwardly as it extends from the first end 91 tothe base surface 100.

In the FIG. 16 embodiment, the sleeve 84 is ribless as the recess wall102 extends straight between the first end 91 and the base surface 100.The housing 28 is depicted as folded over the first end 91 of the sleeve84 and has a housing rib or projection 258 extending radially away fromthe recess wall 102. In this embodiment, the housing rib or projection258 extends radially outward to a bight section 260, which is the mostradially outward point of the projection 258. The projection 258 forms aceiling 262 to the seal holder recess 94. At the base of the projection258, the housing extends along the recess wall 102 to the base surface100. The outwardly most point of projection 258 extends a distance Xfrom the recess wall 102. The radial length 108 (in FIG. 7 ) and shownas Y is the distance from the recess wall 102 to the threaded section106. Advantages are achieved when the distance X is less than or equalto 80% of the distance Y.

Each of the embodiments of FIGS. 14-16 include the advantagesillustrated in FIG. 10 , That is, the housing seal member 110 is heldwithin the recess 94 and forms seal 172 with the filter head 22. Thehousing seal member 110 has sealing compression region 114, which is aportion of the housing sealing member 110 that receives the compressiveforce to form the seal 172 with the filter head 22. The sealingcompression region 114, when viewed in cross-section, such as shown inFIG. 10 , is defined by a compression region line 116. The compressionregion line 116 is viewable in FIG. 10 and in FIG. 5 . A line 118 (FIG.10 ) perpendicular to the compression region line 116 passes through thejoint 112 in the seal holder recess 94 and the seal member 110.

In each of the embodiments of FIGS. 14-16 , there is horizontal line 224that is the tangent line along a portion of the seal member 110 that isoriented adjacent, or against, the base surface 100. In theseembodiments, this is also the line 224 passing through (or tangent to) alowest point of the seal member 110. There is line 226 that is thetangent line along the most radially inwardly portion of the seal member110. In many examples, the line 226 is about parallel to the recess wall102, but note that line 226 is not parallel to recess wall 102 in FIG.15 . An intersection between line 224 and line 226 forms joint 222. Thehousing seal member 110 has a sealing compression region 114 (see FIG.10 ), and the sealing compression region 114 in cross-section is definedby compression region line 116 (FIG. 10 ). Advantages result when theline 118 (FIG. 10 ), which is perpendicular to the compression regionline 116, passes through the joint 222 and the housing seal member 110.

FIGS. 17-19 illustrate the use of housing seal members 110 that do nothave a round cross-sectional shape. These embodiments provide workabledesigns leading to advantage. Advantages for each of these embodimentsinclude those that improve the prior art such as having the ability tomount the filter cartridge 24 on the filter head 22 using torque smallerthan the prior art, as well as, providing the seal with only a fewrevolutions and thereby avoiding the difficulty caused with possiblecross-threading.

In FIG. 17 , the housing seal member 270 has a trapezoid-shapedcross-section with a straight top surface 272 (top surface being the oneclosest to the mouth 40, when oriented with the mouth 40 in theuppermost location) being shorter than a straight bottom surface 274.Sealing surface 276 is a straight surface angled downward and away fromthe top surface 272, as the sealing surface 276 extends from the topsurface 272 to the bottom surface 274. The seal member 270 has agenerally straight section 277 that is adjacent to the recess wall 102and extends between the top surface 272 and bottom surface 274.

In FIG. 18 , the housing seal member 280 has a straight top surface 282(top surface being the one closest to the mouth 40, when oriented withthe mouth 40 in the uppermost location) being shorter than a straightbottom surface 284. Sealing surface 286 is angled downward and away fromthe top surface 282, as the sealing surface extends from the top surface282 to the bottom surface 284. In this embodiment, the sealing surface286 includes an outwardly radially projecting rib 288 extendingtherefrom. The seal member 280 has a pair of straight sections 287, 289with a recess 285 therebetween that is adjacent to the recess wall 102and extends between the top surface 282 and bottom surface 284

In FIG. 19 , the housing seal member 290 has an X cross-sectional shape.The X shape includes portions 291, 293 that are oriented closest to oragainst the base surface 100. The X shape includes portions 295, 297against the recess wall 102.

In each of the embodiments of FIGS. 17-19 , there is horizontal line 224that is the tangent line along a portion of the seal member 270, 280,290 that is oriented adjacent, or against, the base surface 100. By“tangent”, in the embodiments of FIGS. 17 and 18 , the bottom surface274, 284 is a straight surface, so the line 224 tangent to the crosssectional line showing the bottom surface 274, 284 is the line depictingthe bottom surface 274, 284 itself. In the embodiment of FIG. 19 , the“tangent” line 224 is a line that is tangent to each of portions 291,293. In these embodiments, this is also the line 224 passing through (ortangent to) a lowest point of the seal member 270, 280, 290.

Also in FIGS. 17-19 , there is line 226 that is the tangent line alongthe most radially inwardly portion of the seal member 270, 280, 290. Inmany examples, the line 226 is about parallel to the recess wall 102. By“tangent”, in FIG. 17 , the section 277 adjacent to the recess wall 102is a straight surface, so the line 226 tangent to the cross section lineshowing the section 277 is the line depicting the section 277 itself. InFIG. 18 , the pair of sections 287, 289 adjacent to the recess wall 102are straight, so the line 226 tangent to the cross sectional linesshowing 287, 289 is depicting sections 287, 289 themselves. In FIG. 19 ,the tangent line 226 is a line that is tangent to each of portions 295,297.

An intersection between line 224 and line 226 forms joint 222. Thehousing seal member 270, 280, 290 has a sealing compression region 114(see FIG. 10 ), and the sealing compression region 114 in cross-sectionis defined by compression region line 116 (FIG. 10 ). Advantages resultwhen the line 118 (FIG. 10 ), which is perpendicular to the compressionregion line 116, passes through the joint 222 and the housing sealmember 110. Advantages include lower torque requirements to connectfilter cartridge 24 on the filter head 22.

Methods

The arrangements as described in connection with FIGS. 1-13 can be usedin methods. One method is a method of installing filter cartridge 24onto filter head 22. The method includes providing filter head 22 havingan inlet arrangement 192, outlet arrangement 196, and outer wall 156surrounding a cartridge-receiving interior 158. The outer wall 156includes a rim 160 and threaded region 162 orientated toward thecartridge-receiving interior 158 adjacent the end rim 160.

The method includes a step of providing the filter cartridge 24. Thefilter cartridge 24 includes housing 28, filter media construction 48operably oriented in interior volume 38, and sleeve 84. The sleeve 84surrounds and is against the housing 28. The sleeve 84 includes athreaded section 106 and defines seal holder recess 94. Seal member 110is within the seal holder recess 94 and projects radially outwardlytherefrom.

The method includes a step of threadably mating the threaded section 106of the sleeve 84 with the threaded region 162 of the filter head 22 tocompress the seal member 110 and form an operable seal 172 between thefilter head 22 and the filter cartridge 24. The seal 172 will be formedusing a torque of less than 50% needed to form an operable seal using acomparable filter head that has a straight section instead of a ramp. Insome examples, this torque is no greater than 10 N-m. By “operableseal”, it is meant a seal that can withstand pressures of about 100 psi.

In preferred methods, the step of threadably mating will include formingthe seal 172 using a torque less than 55% needed to form an operableseal using a comparable filter head that has a straight section insteadof a ramp.

In preferred methods, the step of threadably mating will includingforming the seal 172 using a torque of less than 6 N-m and no greaterthan 8.2 N-m.

The step of providing the filter head 22 includes providing the filterhead outer wall 156 to have ramp 166. The threaded region 162 will bebetween the ramp 166 and the end rim 160. The step of threadably matingpreferably includes compressing the ramp 166 against the seal member 110to form the seal 172 between and against the ramp 166 and the sleeve 84.

The step of providing the filter head 22 may include providing thefilter head outer wall 156 to have the ramp 166 that in angled between12 and 18 degrees from the outer wall 156 filter head 22.

The method may further include a step of disconnecting the filtercartridge 24 and the filter head 22. This step will be after the step ofthreadably mating. The step of disconnecting the filter cartridge 24from the filter head 22 will use a torque of less than 10 N-m.

In preferred arrangements, the step of disconnecting the filtercartridge 24 and the filter head 22 will use a torque of less than 7N-m.

In some preferred arrangements, after the step of threadably mating, thestep of disconnecting the filter cartridge 24 and the filter head 22will use a torque of less than 6.5 N-m and greater than 5 N-m.

The step of providing a filter cartridge can include providing a filtercartridge 24 as variously characterized above, with certain featuresselected for advantage, but not necessarily requiring all features.

The step of providing the filter head can include providing the filterhead 22 as variously characterized above, with selective features foradvantage, but not necessarily requiring all features.

Materials

For spin on filters, the usable materials for the filter housing 28 caninclude metals such as for example steel or aluminum. For bowl cartridgefilters useable materials for the bowl can include plastics, metals,composites, or other materials capable of withstanding pressurestypically experienced in filtration applications. Usable materials forthe sleeve 84 can include plastic, metal, or other materials capable ofwithstanding the torque, pressures, and temperatures typicallyexperienced in filtration applications.

General Aspects of Principles of this Disclosure

A filter cartridge comprises a housing; a filter media construction inthe housing; and a sleeve on an outside of the housing; the sleeve beingthreaded and holding a housing seal member.

The housing has a surrounding wall defining an interior volume, an openmouth in communication with the interior volume and a bottom opposite ofthe mouth; the surrounding wall having an interior surface incommunication with the interior volume and an opposite exterior surface.

The filter media construction is operably oriented in the interiorvolume of the housing.

The sleeve is oriented against the exterior surface of the surroundingwall of the housing; the sleeve has an inner portion and an oppositeexterior portion, the inner portion is oriented against the exteriorsurface of the surrounding wall.

The sleeve includes opposite first and second ends, the first end beingadjacent the open mouth of the housing.

The sleeve has a seal holder recess along the exterior portion; and thehousing seal member is operably held in the seal holder recess.

The sleeve has a seal holder recess with a radially extending basesurface.

The sleeve has a seal holder recess with a recess wall.

The sleeve has a seal holder recess with a radially extending basesurface and a recess wall; the base surface having a radial base lengthextending from the recess wall.

An outwardly radially projecting rib is adjacent to the first end of thesleeve forming a ceiling of the recess.

The rib is part of the sleeve.

The rib is part of the housing.

The rib is even with the first end of the sleeve.

The rib is spaced from the first end of the sleeve.

The sleeve includes a plurality of threads projecting radially outwardlyfrom a threaded section of the exterior portion of the sleeve.

The sleeve includes a plurality of threads projecting radially outwardlyfrom a threaded section of the exterior portion of the sleeve betweenthe second end and the base surface, the threaded section having aradial length measured from the recess wall.

The radial length of the threaded section is greater than the radialbase length.

The seal holder recess has a joint at an intersection between the basesurface and the recess wall.

The housing seal member has a sealing compression region; the sealingcompression region in cross-section being defined by a compressionregion line.

A line perpendicular to the compression region line passes through thejoint in the seal holder recess and the housing seal member.

The rib has a length less than 80% of the radial base length.

The outwardly radially projecting rib has a length less than 60% of theradial base length.

The outwardly radially projecting rib has a length less than 55% of theradial base length.

The rib extends radially away from the recess wall a distance less thanthe base surface extends away from the recess wall.

The base surface is located at least 4 mm and no greater than 15 mm froman axial rim defining the mouth of the housing.

The base surface is located at least 7 mm and no greater than 11 mm froman axial rim defining the mouth of the housing.

The sleeve includes a bevel surface between the base surface and thethreaded section; the bevel surface being angled relative to thethreaded section at an angle between 10-50°.

The sleeve includes a bevel surface between the base surface and thethreaded section; the bevel surface being angled relative to thethreaded section at an angle between 12-30°.

The sleeve includes a bevel surface between the base surface and thethreaded section; the bevel surface being angled relative to thethreaded section at an angle between 13-17°.

The bevel surface has an axial length between the base surface and thethreaded section of 0.7-2 mm.

The bevel surface has an axial length between the base surface and thethreaded section of 0.8-1.5 mm.

The sleeve includes a radially extending stop member between thethreaded section and the second end.

The stop member is located at least 17 mm and no greater than 30 mm froman axial rim defining the mouth of the housing.

The stop member is located at least 18 mm and no greater than 28 mm froman axial rim defining the mouth of the housing.

The stop member projects radially outwardly a distance greater than anyother portion of the sleeve.

The filter media construction comprises a cylinder of pleated filtermedia secured between first and second end caps

A ring projects axially from the first end cap in a direction away froma remaining part of the filter media construction; and a first end capseal member is held by the ring.

The first end cap seal member projects radially outwardly from the ring.

The filter media construction is fixed and non-removably mounted in theinterior volume of the housing.

The housing bottom includes a drain valve.

The housing seal member projects radially outwardly farther than therib.

The wall of the housing overlaps the first end of the sleeve.=

The wall of the housing overlaps the projecting rib and is in extensionalong the exterior portion of the sleeve along the recess wall.

A filter head removably attached to the filter cartridge.

The filter head includes an outer wall surrounding a cartridge-receivinginterior; the outer wall having an end rim, a threaded region orientedtoward the cartridge-receiving interior adjacent to the end rim, and aramp; the ramp being angled in a direction toward thecartridge-receiving interior and positioned to engage the housing sealmember to form a seal with the filter cartridge when the filter head andfilter cartridge are operably attached to each other.

The threaded region is in between the ramp and the end rim.

An operable section of the ramp is angled between 5 and 45 degrees fromthe outer wall of the filter head.

An operable section of the ramp is angled between 10 and 30 degrees fromthe outer wall of the filter head.

An operable section of the ramp is angled between 12 and 18 degrees fromthe outer wall of the filter head.

The filter head includes an inlet arrangement for conveying unfilteredfluid to the filter cartridge and an outlet arrangement for conveyingfiltered fluid from the filter cartridge.

A filter assembly includes a filter head having a ramp; a filtercartridge removably attached to the filter head; the filter cartridgehaving a seal member; and wherein the ramp on the filter head iscompressed against the seal member to form a seal between the filterhead and the filter cartridge.

The filter head includes an inlet arrangement, an outlet arrangement,and an outer wall surrounding a cartridge-receiving interior; the outerwall having an end rim, a threaded region oriented toward thecartridge-receiving interior adjacent to the end rim.

The filter cartridge includes a housing, a filter media constructionoperably oriented in an interior volume of the housing, and a sleevesurrounding and against the housing.

The sleeve includes a threaded section mateably engaging the threadedregion of the filter head, a seal holder recess, and the seal memberbeing within the seal holder recess and projecting radially outwardly.

An operable section of the ramp is angled between 5 and 45 degrees fromthe outer wall of the filter head.

An operable section of the ramp is angled between 10 and 30 degrees fromthe outer wall of the filter head.

An operable section of the ramp is angled between 12 and 18 degrees fromthe outer wall of the filter head

The sleeve has an inner portion and an opposite exterior portion, theinner portion being oriented against an exterior surface of the housing;the sleeve including opposite first and second ends, the first end beingadjacent an open mouth of the housing; wherein, the seal holder recessis along the exterior portion, the recess being defined by an outwardlyradially projecting rib adjacent to the first end forming a ceiling, aradially extending base surface opposite of the ceiling, and a recesswall extending axially between the ceiling and the base surface; theseal holder recess has a joint being defined at an intersection betweena line tangent to a lowest point of the seal member, when the cartridgeis oriented with the mouth as uppermost, and a line tangent to a mostradially inward portion of the seal member; and the ramp compressingagainst the housing seal member in cross-section along a compressionregion line; a line perpendicular to the compression region line passesthrough the joint in the seal holder recess and the housing seal member.

The sleeve includes a bevel surface between the base surface and thethreaded section; the bevel surface being angled relative to thethreaded section at an angle between 10-50°.

The sleeve includes a bevel surface between the base surface and thethreaded section; the bevel surface being angled relative to thethreaded section at an angle between 12-30°.

The sleeve includes a bevel surface between the base surface and thethreaded section; the bevel surface being angled relative to thethreaded section at an angle between 13-17°.

The bevel surface has an axial length between the base surface and thethreaded section of 0.7-2 mm.

The bevel surface has an axial length between the base surface and thethreaded section of 0.8-1.5 mm.

The sleeve includes a radially extending stop member between thethreaded section and the second end.

The stop member is located at least 17 mm and no greater than 30 mm froman axial rim defining a mouth of the housing.

The stop member is located at least 18 mm and no greater than 28 mm froman axial rim defining a mouth of the housing.

The stop member projects radially outwardly a distance greater than anyother portion of the sleeve.

The filter media construction comprises a cylinder of pleated filtermedia secured between first and second end caps

A ring projects axially from the first end cap in a direction away froma remaining part of the filter media construction; and a first end capseal member is held by the ring.

The first end cap seal member projects radially outwardly from the ring.

The filter media construction is fixed and non-removably mounted in theinterior volume of the housing.

The filter cartridge further includes a drain valve.

A method of installing a filter cartridge on a filter head, the methodcomprising providing a filter head; providing a filter cartridge with asleeve and a seal member; threadably mating a threaded section of thesleeve with a threaded region of the filter head to compress the sealmember and form a seal between the filter head and the filter cartridge,the seal being formed using a torque less than 50% needed to form anoperable seal using a comparable filter head that has a straight sectioninstead of a ramp.

The step of providing a filter head includes providing a head having aninlet arrangement, an outlet arrangement, and an outer wall surroundinga cartridge-receiving interior; the outer wall having an end rim, and athreaded region oriented toward the cartridge-receiving interioradjacent to the end rim.

The step of providing a filter cartridge includes providing a housing, afilter media construction operably oriented in an interior volume of thehousing, and a sleeve surrounding and against the housing; the sleevehaving a threaded section; the sleeve defining a seal holder recess; theseal member being within the seal holder recess and projecting radiallyoutwardly.

The step of threadably mating includes forming the seal using a torqueless than 55% needed to form an operable seal using a comparable filterhead that has a straight section instead of a ramp.

The step of threadably mating includes forming the seal using a torqueof no greater than 10 N-m.

The step of providing a filter head includes providing the filter headouter wall to having a ramp, the threaded region being between the rampand the end rim; and the step of threadably mating includes compressingthe ramp against the seal member to form the seal between and againstthe ramp and the sleeve.

The step of providing a filter head includes providing the filter headouter wall to having the ramp that is angled between 12 and 18 degreesfrom the outer wall of the filter head.

After the step of threadably mating, disconnecting the filter cartridgeand filter head by using a torque of less than 50% needed to disconnectusing a comparable filter head that has a straight section instead of aramp.

After the step of threadably mating, disconnecting the filter cartridgeand filter head by using a torque of less than 65% needed to disconnectusing a comparable filter head that has a straight section instead of aramp.

After the step of threadably mating, disconnecting the filter cartridgeand filter head by using a torque of less than 7 N-m.

The above represents example principles. Many embodiments can be madeusing these principles.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of servicing a filter assembly; thefilter assembly having filter head and a filter cartridge removablyattachable to the filter head; the method comprising: (a) providing afilter cartridge including a housing having a connecting and sealingportion; an open mouth and a bottom opposite of the mouth; the housingdefining an interior volume; a filter media construction operablyoriented in the interior volume of the housing; wherein the connectingand sealing portion includes, (i) a seal holder recess along an exteriorportion thereof; the seal holder recess being defined by an outwardlyradially projecting rib forming a ceiling of the recess, the seal holderrecess including a radially extending base surface and a recess wallextending axially between the base surface and the ceiling; the ribextending radially away from the recess wall a distance less than thebase surface extends away from the recess wall; a plurality of threadsprojecting radially outwardly from a threaded section of the exteriorportion; the threaded section having a radial length measured from therecess wall, wherein the radial length of the threaded section isgreater than a radial length of the base surface from the recess wall; ahousing seal member operably held in the seal holder recess; and a bevelsurface extending along a straight continuous surface from the basesurface to the threaded section; (b) the filter head having a threadedregion; and (c) attaching the filter cartridge to the filter head byconnecting the threaded section of the filter cartridge and the threadedregion of the filter head.
 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the step ofproviding the filter cartridge includes the outwardly radiallyprojecting rib being even with a first end of the connecting and sealingportion.
 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of providing thefilter cartridge includes the outwardly radially projecting rib beingspaced from a first end of the connecting and sealing portion.
 4. Themethod of claim 1 wherein the step of providing the filter cartridgeincludes the seal holder recess having a radially extending base surfaceand a recess wall extending axially at least partially between the basesurface and a first end of the connecting and sealing portion; and thebase surface being located at least 4 mm and no greater than 15 mm froman axial rim defining the mouth of the housing.
 5. The method of claim 1wherein the step of providing the filter cartridge includes theconnecting and sealing portion having a radially extending stop memberbetween the threaded section and a second end of the connecting andsealing portion.
 6. The method of claim 5 wherein the step of providingthe filter cartridge includes the stop member projecting radiallyoutwardly a distance greater than any other portion of the connectingand sealing portion.
 7. The method of claim 1 wherein the step ofproviding the filter cartridge includes a ring projecting axially fromthe first end cap in a direction away from a remaining part of thefilter media construction; and a first end cap seal member is held bythe ring.
 8. The method of claim 7 wherein the step of providing thefilter cartridge includes the first end cap seal member projectingradially outwardly from the ring.
 9. The method of claim 1 wherein thestep of providing the filter cartridge includes the filter mediaconstruction being fixed and non-removably mounted in the interiorvolume of the housing.
 10. The method of claim 1 wherein the step ofproviding the filter cartridge includes the housing being plastic. 11.The method of claim 1 wherein the step of providing the filter cartridgeincludes the connecting and sealing portion being a separate sleeve. 12.A method of servicing a filter assembly; the filter assembly havingfilter head and a filter cartridge removably attachable to the filterhead; the method comprising: (a) providing a filter cartridge includinga housing; a filter media construction in the housing; a sleevenon-removably secured to an outside of the housing; the sleeve having athreaded section and holding a housing seal member wherein the sleeveincludes a bevel surface between the base surface and the threadedsection; the bevel surface has an axial length between the base surfaceand the threaded section of 0.7-2 mm; the sleeve having a seal holderrecess with a radially extending base surface and a recess wall; thebase surface having a radial base length extending from the recess wall;an outwardly radially projecting rib adjacent to a first end of thesleeve forming a ceiling of the recess; the sleeve having a second endopposite of the first end; wherein the rib has a length less than 80% ofthe radial base length; (b) the filter head having a threaded region;and (c) attaching the filter cartridge to the filter head by connectingthe threaded section of the filter cartridge and the threaded region ofthe filter head
 13. The method of claim 12 wherein the step of providingthe filter cartridge includes the filter media construction comprising acylinder of pleated filter media secured between first and second endcaps
 14. The method of claim 12 wherein the step of providing the filtercartridge includes: (a) a ring projecting axially from the first end capin a direction away from a remaining part of the filter mediaconstruction; and (b) a first end cap seal member being held by thering.
 15. The method of claim 14 wherein the step of providing thefilter cartridge includes the first end cap seal member projectingradially outwardly from the ring.
 16. The method of claim 12 wherein thestep of providing the filter cartridge includes the filter mediaconstruction being fixed and non-removably mounted in the interiorvolume of the housing.
 17. The method of claim 12 wherein the step ofproviding the filter cartridge includes the housing having a drainvalve.
 18. The method of claim 12 wherein the step of providing thefilter cartridge includes the housing seal member projecting radiallyoutwardly farther than the rib.
 19. The method of claim 12 wherein thestep of providing the filter cartridge includes the sleeve having abevel surface between the base surface and the threaded section; thebevel surface being angled relative to the threaded section at an anglebetween 10-50°.
 20. The method of claim 12 wherein the step of providingthe filter cartridge includes the sleeve having a bevel surface betweenthe base surface and the threaded section; the bevel surface beingangled relative to the threaded section at an angle between 12-30°. 21.The method of claim 12 wherein the step of providing the filtercartridge includes the sleeve having a bevel surface between the basesurface and the threaded section; the bevel surface being angledrelative to the threaded section at an angle between 13-17°.
 22. Amethod of assembling a filter assembly comprising: (a) providing afilter head having an inlet arrangement, an outlet arrangement, and anouter wall surrounding a cartridge-receiving interior; the outer wallhaving an end rim, a threaded region oriented toward thecartridge-receiving interior adjacent to the end rim, and a ramp; (i)the ramp having an inclined surface at an angle measured from the outerwall as the ramp extends from the threaded region in a direction awayfrom the end rim; the angle being between 5 and 45 degrees; and (b)removably attaching a filter cartridge to the filter head; the filtercartridge including a housing, a filter media construction operablyoriented in an interior volume of the housing, and a sleeve surroundingand against the housing; (i) the sleeve having a threaded sectionmateably engaging the threaded region of the filter head; (ii) thesleeve defining a seal holder recess; (iii) a seal member being withinthe seal holder recess and projecting radially outwardly; wherein theinclined surface of the ramp on the filter head is compressed againstthe seal member to form a seal between the filter head and the filtercartridge.
 23. The method of claim 22 wherein step of providing thefilter head includes the angle of the inclined surface of the ramp beingbetween 10 and 30 degrees.
 24. The method of claim 22 wherein the stepof providing the filter head includes the angle of the inclined surfaceof the ramp being between 12 and 18 degrees.
 25. A method of installinga filter cartridge on a filter head, the method comprising: (a)providing a filter head having an inlet arrangement, an outletarrangement, and an outer wall surrounding a cartridge-receivinginterior; the outer wall having an end rim, a threaded region orientedtoward the cartridge-receiving interior adjacent to the end rim, and aramp; the threaded region being between the end rim and the ramp; (b)providing a filter cartridge including a housing, a filter mediaconstruction operably oriented in an interior volume of the housing, anda sleeve surrounding and against the housing; (i) the sleeve having athreaded section; (ii) the sleeve defining a seal holder recess; (iii) aseal member being within the seal holder recess and projecting radiallyoutwardly; (c) threadably mating the threaded section of the sleeve withthe threaded region of the filter head to compress the seal member withthe ramp on the filter head and form an operable seal between the filterhead and the filter cartridge, the seal being formed using a torque lessthan 50% needed to form an operable seal using a comparable filter headthat has a straight section instead of a ramp.
 26. The method of claim25 wherein: (a) the step of threadably mating includes forming theoperable seal using a torque of less than 55% needed to form an operableseal using a comparable filter head that has a straight section insteadof a ramp.
 27. The method of claim 25 wherein: (a) the step ofthreadably mating includes forming the seal using a torque of no greaterthan 10 N-m.
 28. The method of claim 25 wherein: (a) the step ofthreadably mating includes forming the seal using a torque less than 55%needed to form an operable seal using a comparable filter head that hasa straight section instead of a ramp.
 29. The method of claim 28wherein: (a) the step of providing a filter head includes providing thefilter head outer wall to having the ramp with an operable sectionangled between 12 and 18 degrees from the outer wall of the filter head.30. The method of any one of claim 25 further including: (a) after thestep of threadably mating, disconnecting the filter cartridge and filterhead by using a torque of less than 50% needed to disconnect using acomparable filter head that has a straight section instead of a ramp.31. The method of any one of claim 25 further including: (a) after thestep of threadably mating, disconnecting the filter cartridge and filterhead by using a torque of less than 65% needed to disconnect using acomparable filter head that has a straight section instead of a ramp.32. The method of any one of claim 25 further including: (a) after thestep of threadably mating, disconnecting the filter cartridge and filterhead by using a torque of less than 7 N-m.
 33. A method of installing afilter cartridge on a filter head, the method comprising: (a) providinga filter head having an inlet arrangement, an outlet arrangement, and anouter wall surrounding a cartridge-receiving interior; the outer wallhaving an end rim, a threaded region oriented toward thecartridge-receiving interior adjacent to the end rim, and a ramp; (i)the ramp having an inclined surface at an angle measured from the outerwall as the ramp extends from the threaded region in a direction awayfrom the end rim; t (b) providing a filter cartridge with a centrallongitudinal axis; the filter cartridge including a housing, a filtermedia construction operably oriented in an interior volume of thehousing, and a sleeve surrounding and against the housing; (i) thesleeve having a threaded section; (ii) the sleeve defining a seal holderrecess; (iii) a seal member being within the seal holder recess andprojecting radially outwardly; (c) threadably mating the threadedsection of the sleeve with the threaded region of the filter head tocompress the seal member with the ramp on the filter head and form anoperable seal between the filter head and the filter cartridge; theangle on the ramp being non-parallel to the central longitudinal axis ofthe filter cartridge.
 34. The method of claim 33 wherein the step ofproviding a filter head includes the ramp angle being between 5 and 45degrees.
 35. The method of claim 33 wherein the step of providing afilter head includes the ramp angle being between 10 and 30 degrees. 36.The method of claim 33 wherein the step of providing a filter headincludes the ramp angle being between 12 and 18 degrees.